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Электронный компонент: DVxpert6110

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The
Communications
Company
TM
DVxpert
TM
6110 Single-Chip Encoder
MPEG Encoding for Professional Video Broadcast and Video
Contribution/Distribution
Serial EPROM
DV
xpert
TM
8MB of SDRAM
1Mx16
D1 Standard
Video Stream
ECL/TTL
Translator
NTSC/PAL
Decoder
TTL/ECL
Translator
NTSC/PAL
Encoder
S-Video or
Composite Input
D1 Standard
Video Stream
S-Video or
Composite
Output
Stereo Audio In
Stereo Audio Out
Audio
CODEC
Glueless
SDRAM Interface
27.5-MHz Oscillator
SUM
System PCI Bus
Host
Audio Out
Audio In
PIO
PIO
Video In
Video Out
CLK
Serial Control
Serial Control
DVxpert
TM
6110 Single-Chip Professional Encoder Architecture
D I G I T A L V I D E O B R O A D C A S T
MPEG-2 is the compression format that earns wide acceptance in the digital
video broadcast environment. This is due to its interframe encoding capability, which
enables high compression, significantly reducing bandwidth for transmission and
storage in the broadcast space. MPEG-2 Main Level @ Main Profile (ML@MP) encod-
ing has been the key enabling technology for such important applications as direct
direct broadcast satellite (DBS), digital terrestrial broadcast, digital cable television,
wireless video broadcast, and satellite news gathering.
V I D E O P R O D U C T I O N A N D P O S T - P R O D U C T I O N
In video production and post-production environments, MPEG-2 Main Level @
4:2:2 Profile (ML@4:2:2P) is designed to address the insufficient color information of
MPEG-2 ML@MP video format because of its 4:2:0 sampling scheme (full sample of
the luminance with half of the chrominance information, tossing out the color coordinate
on one axis of the color grid). The 4:2:2 Profile increases the chrominance sample to
4:2:2, thereby accounting for both axes on the color grid by sampling every other
element, providing better replication of the original signal. In the broadcast environment,
4:2:0 sampling is sufficient since the video signal is directly transmitted to viewers,
thus there is no risk of picture degradation due to re-coding. On the other hand, in
video production and post-production environments, the risk of picture degradation is
high due to multiple generations of signal. For ad-insertion or editing purposes, the
video will be compressed and transmitted to different locations. Digital content is
typically reviewed and edited many times before it gets to the final destination.
At each step of the way, the content will be decompressed, altered/edited
and then recompressed for distribution. In this multi-generational transition environ-
ment, the 4:2:2 sampling method can better preserve the video color richness than the
4:2:0 sampling method.
In addition to 4:2:2 sampling for color richness
preservation, the MPEG-2 ML@4:2:2P also supports a
compressed bit rate of up to 50 Mbps (light compression), in
comparison to the 15 Mbps bit rate upper limit supported by
the MPEG-2 ML@MP. This improved performance makes the
4:2:2 profile of MPEG-2 the most well-suited format for most
studio and post-production applications.
V I D E O N E T W O R K I N G
While the majority of TV broadcasting continues to
be primarily supported by satellite technology, the use of
digital cable, terrestrial and fiber-optic-based transport is
increasing among TV broadcasters. Thanks to the advance-
ment of video compression technology, the broadcast indus-
try applications supported by high-speed data services are
continually increasing. For compression, transmission, and
multiplexing, MPEG-2 ML@4:2:2P encoding technology
delivers digitally compressed video transmissions at the high-
est levels of quality over a given bandwidth, thus rapidly
making the economics of high-speed networking even more
attractive. A variety of digital transmission options can be
employed to address specific requirements. These include:
Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM).
Its ability to
handle large file sizes, transmit integrated voice, data, and
video at high speeds (up to 622 Mbps and soon 2.4 Gbps),
and multicast to multiple end points makes ATM the most
well-suited transport method for broadcast industry require-
ments.
DS-3.
This transport method allows for digital video
to be carried over a fiber-based network at up to 45 Mbps,
using one- or two-way transmission, point-to-point, or multi-
point connections. Typical applications include live video
feeds from venues to a broadcast center, backhaul from a
satellite uplink or downlink, and selective (one-to-several)
distributions.
Internet.
Enabling convergence of the personal
computer and television, the Internet is rapidly becoming
another distribution tool for the broadcast industry. Today,
the MPEG-1 compression technology enables consumers to
view video files or to download video clips or commercials
from the Web. The DVxpert
TM
6110 encoder is capable of
providing high-quality MPEG-1 compression with bit rates
ranging from 56 Kbps to 5 Mbps.
D V X P E R T TM 6 1 1 0 E N C O D E R
DVxpert is a revolutionary new multimedia architec-
ture from LSI Logic that achieves a superior video compres-
sion ratio to optimize bandwidth, while producing the high-
est-quality output images. Employing LSI Logic's proprietary
PerfectView
encoding algorithm, the DVxpert 6110 single-
chip professional encoder architecture delivers the best
images currently available at significant bit rate savings.
The DVxpert 6110 encoder handles video streams
from 2 to 50 Mbps and provides a highly integrated video
compression solution in the studio production and high-speed
video networking environments, where MPEG-2 ML@4:2:2P
is rapidly becoming the mainstream. For the digital video
broadcast application where the typical compression bit
rates are 2 to 15 Mbps, DVxpert 6110 delivers excellent
image quality compressed in ML@MP format, all at signifi-
cant bit rate savings. This is due to a rich portfolio of broad-
cast features offered by the encoder: flexible bit rate control
options including real-time variable bit rate (VBR), externally
signaled or internally controlled constant bit rate (CBR), and
statistical multiplexing. The DVxpert 6110 encoder further
enhances the video quality with an error masking algorithm
and an automatic scene-change detection built into the
motion estimation algorithm.
Optimal System Design Features.
In addition to
delivering a high-quality video image at sufficient bandwidth
saving, the DVxpert 6110 encoder enables system operators
to make changes "on-the-fly" via a user-friendly application
program interface (API). Features such as Frame-by-Frame
User Data Insertion, Frame-Accurate Start/Stop/Pause, vari-
able GOP structure, encode bit rate and horizontal resolu-
tion variation can be done instantaneously by choosing the
appropriate buttons on the API. Film and video material
conversion is fully supported with the Inverse Telecine or 3:2
Pull-down feature. Users can optionally turn on Closed
Caption during line 21 of the video frame to extract informa-
tion from the video input such as program name, program
time remaining, and text conversion for the hearing impaired
audience.
DVxpert
TM
6110 Single-Chip Professional Encoder
The DVxpert 6110 encoder is capable of encoding
vertical resolutions of 512 lines NTSC and 608 lines PAL,
making it fully compliant with the MPEG-2 ML@4:2:2P speci-
fication. Consequently, DVxpert 6110 meets the high perfor-
mance and quality demands of today's professional video
broadcasting and video contribution/distribution applications.
By offering ML@4:2:2P in addition to the ML@MP
available in DVxpert 5110 single-chip broadcast encoder,
DVxpert 6110 encoder is the superset encoding solution,
targeting both traditional broadcast and professional studio
market applications. In comparison to the DVxpert 6210
dual-chip professional encoder, the DVxpert 6110 encoder is
a more integrated solution which reduces system design cost,
board space and total power consumption. The feature
differences among the encoders are outlined in the DVxpert
feature comparison table.
P E R F E C T V I E W E N C O D I N G A L G O R I T H M
PerfectView, LSI Logic's patented encoding algo-
rithm, ensures that DVx
TM
produces superior MPEG-2 image
quality at all bit rates, providing broadcast video equipment
manufacturers with the most flexible platform for video appli-
cations. Based on more than nine years of successful
research, this technology includes motion estimation,
programmable, pre- and post-processing filters, intelligent
rate control, and improved visual masking as described
below.
Multilayer Motion Estimation.
This technique is
used to determine the extent of changes between frames of a
video sequence, comparing pixels of a reference frame with
pixels of previous and subsequent frames. LSI Logic's multi-
layer, hierarchical search methodology yields precise
matches, at half-pel resolution, without the need for exhaus-
tive, time-consuming pixel-by-pixel comparisons.
Programmable Filtering.
The pre- and post-
processing filters include vertical, temporal, and alpha de-
interlace filters that are all programmable and can be
changed while the encoder is running. The vertical filters are
designed to filter out the high spatial vertical line frequen-
cies resulting in less blocking and fewer artifacts in the
compressed image. The temporal filters help remove the
background graininess and noise that is often apparent in
lower-quality input images, making the material easier to
encode. The alpha de-interlace filters combine the even and
odd fields of an image into a single frame, primarily used
for image decimation purpose.
Optimal Bit Allocation.
Through the use of propri-
etary quality metrics, the encoder is able to output data at
the desired bit rate while redistributing bits among individual
frames to boost overall quality. The manner in which bits are
distributed during compression is largely determined by
motion estimation, the process of predicting from a previous
or subsequent frame what the contents of the current frame
are. When there is little motion--and, therefore, minimal
changes--between frames, the majority of the available data
budget is spent on "intra" or predicted frames. However,
when there is rapid movement from one frame to the next,
the data budget is distributed more evenly using bidirec-
tional frames.
Error Masking.
This LSI Logic MPEG encoding
algorithm controls data distribution by searching for and
hiding an undesirable compression artifact called ringing, a
fuzz-like pattern that surrounds low-activity images produced
by over-quantized AC coefficients. LSI Logic's masking algo-
rithm determines where ringing would be visible in an image
and budgets data bandwidth to eliminate these artifacts.
Picture User Data Insertion.
This feature enables
user data information such as frame number, PTS (presenta-
tion time stamp) or DTS (decoding time stamp), to be
inserted into the picture user data field of the picture header.
The encoder can either read data into a "reordering" buffer,
where it is held until the frame is encoded, or it can directly
"pass through" data to the output bitstream without reorder-
ing. The reordering mode allows dependency between user
data and the associated frame, while the pass-through mode
does not.
Variable Bit Rate (VBR) Encoding.
This feature
enables an MPEG encoder to encode difficult sequences with
higher data rates, and simpler sequences with lower data
rates in realtime, constantly varying the bit rate representing
the video to achieve optimal output image quality.
DVxpert
TM
6110 Single-Chip Professional Encoder
The
Communications
Company
TM
LSI Logic logo design, The Communications Company,
DVxpert, and PerfectView are trademarks or registered
trademarksof LSI Logic Corporation. All other brand and
product names may be trademarks of their respective com-
panies.
LSI Logic Corporation reserves the right to make changes
to any products and services herein at any time without
notice. LSI Logic does not assume any responsibility or lia-
bility arising out of the application or use of any product or
service described herein, except as expressly agreed to in
writing by LSI Logic; nor does the purchase, lease, or use of
a product or service from LSI Logic convey a license under
any patent rights, copyrights, trademark rights, or any other
of the intellectual property rights of LSI Logic or of third parties.
Copyright 2001 by LSI Logic Corporation.
All rights reserved.
Order No. I20075
1101.1K.JG.IK - Printed in USA
For more information please call:
LSI Logic Corporation
North American Headquarters, Milpitas, CA
Tel: 800 574 4286
North America
Milpitas, CA
USA
Phone: 1-408-490-8000
Fax: 1-408-490-8590
Quebec, Canada
Phone: 1-514-426-5011
Fax: 1-514-426-7119
Europe
Crawley, West Sussex
United Kingdom
Phone: 44-1293-651100
Fax: 44-1293-651119
China
Beijing, China
Phone: 86-10-626-38296
Fax: 86-10-626-38322
Chengdu, China
Phone: 86-28-6713-150
Fax: 86-28-6713-694
Japan
Kohoku-Ku, Yokohama
Kanagawa Japan
Phone: 81-45-474-7571
Fax: 81-45-474-7570
Korea
Seoul, Korea
Phone: 822-561-9011
Fax: 822-561-9021
Taiwan
Taipei, Taiwan
Phone: 886-22-517-4938
Fax: 886-22-517-4937
DVxpert Feature Comparison
Features
DVxpert 5110
DVxpert 6110
Adaptive Field/Frame
MPEG-2 ML@MP
x
x
Adaptive Field/Frame
MPEG-2 ML@4:2:2P
x
4:2:0 Chroma
x
x
4:2:2 Chroma
x
Luma Temporal Filter
x
Chroma Temporal Filter
x
Luma Vertical Filter
x
Chroma Vertical Filter
x
Variable Bit Rate
x
x
Statistical Multiplexing
x
x
Inverse Telecine
x
x
External Reference Rate Control
x
x
Frame-Accurate
Start/Stop/Pause
x
x
Closed Captioning
x
x
Picture User Data
Insertion
x
x
Encoded Bit Rate Range
2 to 15 Mbps
2 to 50 Mbps
GOP Structure
(real-time variable)
I-only, IP, IBP, IB, IBBP
I-only, IP, IBP, IB, IBBP
Video Input Resolutions
(real-time variable)
Horizontal
720, 704, 640, 544, 480, 384,
720, 704, 640, 544, 480, 384,
368, 352, 320
368, 352, 320
Vertical
NTSC:480; PAL:576
NTSC:480; PAL:576
Motion Estimation Search
Ranges with Half-Pel
Accuracy
Horizontal
+/-202 pels
+/-202 pels
Vertical
+/-62 pels
+/-62 pels
Frame Rates
NTSC
29.97 Hz
29.97 Hz
PAL
25 Hz
25 Hz
Film
23.976 Hz
23.976 Hz