The
Communications
Company
TM
F E A T U R E S :
Flexible bit rate control options,
including storage VBR, statistical
VBR, CBR (internally controlled or
externally signaled), and statistical
multiplexing.
Fast changing, at 1/60th of a second, of
encoding parameters such as horizontal
resolution, GOP structure, and bit
rate control in real-time.
Flexible, cost-effective programmable
preprocessing filters that can
accommodate encoding widths of
720, 704, 640, 544, 480, 384,
368, 352, or 320 pixels.
Programmable temporal noise-reduc-
tion filters for better image quality.
Automatic scene-change detection for
more effective motion estimation during
compression.
Frame-by-frame data insertion
capability for added flexibility.
Optimized pipelining to maximize
efficiency by minimizing encoding
delay.
Serial Upgrade Module (SUM)
that contains a unique identifier for
authenticating future upgrades
requested by the user.
DVxpertTM 5110 Broadcast Encoder
MPEG Encoding for Digital Video Broadcast
Serial EPROM
DV
xpert
TM
8MB of SDRAM
1Mx16
D1 Standard
Video Stream
ECL/TTL
Translator
NTSC/PAL
Decoder
TTL/ECL
Translator
NTSC/PAL
Encoder
S-Video or
Composite Input
D1 Standard
Video Stream
S-Video or
Composite
Output
Stereo Audio In
Stereo Audio Out
Audio
CODEC
Glueless
SDRAM Interface
27.5-MHz Oscillator
SUM
System PCI Bus
Host
Audio Out
Audio In
PIO
PIO
Video In
Video Out
CLK
Serial Control
Serial Control
DVxpertTM 5110 Single-Chip AFF Encoder Architecture
O V E R V I E W
DVxpert
TM
5110 Broadcast Encoder is a single-chip MPEG-2 Main
Level @ Main Profile encoder. It offers special features designed to optimize
multichannel broadcast applications, including statistical multiplexing and
real-time variable input resolutions. The encoder performs adaptive field/frame
(AFF) encoding at compressed data rates of 2 to 15 Mbps. It also provides
high-quality MPEG-1 encoding at bit rates ranging from 56 Kbps to 5 Mbps.
LSI Logic's PerfectView
encoding technology delivers excellent quality images
with capabilities like inverse telecine and error masking.
In addition to providing wide motion estimation search ranges with
half-pel accuracy for high-quality compressed video images, DVxpert 5110
also offers flexible, real-time control of group-of-picture (GOP) and horizontal
resolution parameters. As a result, DVxpert 5110 delivers the most advanced
encoding solution currently available in the video broadcast market.
MPEG encoding is critical to effective digital video broadcasting.
Encoding increases the channel efficiency of satellite transponders and cable
networks by compressing video signals before they are transmitted or stored.
Several important applications such as direct broadcast satellite (DBS) uplink
or cable head-end broadcast, wireless video broadcast, and satellite news
gathering are enabled by this technology.
DVx
TM
is LSI Logic's revolutionary new multimedia architecture
that achieves a superior video compression ratio to optimize
bandwidth, while producing the highest-quality output images. The
architecture employs LSI Logic's proprietary PerfectView
encoding
algorithm to deliver the best images currently available at significant
bit rate savings. The DVxpert product line implements LSI Logic's
DVx architecture in digital video broadcast applications. Each
DVxpert product has its own set of downloadable microcode for
compressing video into a particular type of MPEG-2 format.
DVxpert is the latest stage in a video encoding evolution that
has earned LSI Logic an Emmy Award and established the company's
technology as the industry's quality reference standard.
P E R F E C T V I E W E N C O D I N G A L G O R I T H M
PerfectView, LSI Logic's patented encoding algorithm,
ensures that the DVxpert 5110 produces superior MPEG-2 image
quality at all bit rates, providing broadcast video equipment manu-
facturers with the most flexible platform for video applications.
Based on years of successful research, this technology includes
the capabilities described below.
Multilayer Motion Estimation. This technique determines the
extent of changes between frames of a video sequence, comparing
pixels of a reference frame with pixels of previous and subsequent
frames. LSI Logic's multilayer, hierarchical search methodology
yields precise matches, at half-pel resolution, without the need for
exhaustive, time-consuming pixel-by-pixel comparisons.
Programmable Filtering. The pre- and post-processing filters
include vertical, temporal, and alpha de-interlace filters that are all
programmable and can be changed while the encoder is running.
The vertical filters are designed to filter out the high spatial vertical
line frequencies resulting in less blocking and fewer artifacts in the
compressed image.
DVxpert
TM
5110 Broadcast Encoder
F E A T U R E S ( C O N T ' D ) :
Adaptive field/frame MPEG-2
ML@MP
External reference rate control
Frame-accurate start/stop/pause
Closed captioning
Picture user data insertion
Encoded bit rate range: 2 to 15 Mbps
GOP Structures (real-time variable):
I-only, IP, IBP, IB, IBBP
Video input resolutions
(real-time variable)
Horizontal: 720, 704, 640, 544,
480, 384, 368, 352, 320
Vertical: 480 (NTSC), 576 (PAL)
Motion estimation search ranges with
half-pel accuracy
Horizontal: 202
Vertical: 62
Frame rates
NTSC: 29.97 Hz
PAL: 25 Hz
Film: 23.976 Hz
The temporal filters help remove the background graininess
and noise that is often apparent in lower-quality input images,
making the material easier to encode. The alpha de-interlace filters
combine the even and odd fields of an image into a single frame,
primarily used for image decimation purposes.
Optimal Bit Allocation. Through the use of proprietary quality
metrics, the encoder is able to output data at the desired bit rate
while redistributing bits among individual frames to boost overall
quality. The manner in which bits are distributed during compression
is largely determined by motion estimation, the process of predicting
from a previous or subsequent frame what the contents of the current
frame are. When there is little motion and, therefore, minimal
changes between frames, the majority of the available data budget
is spent on "intra" or predicted frames. However, when there is rapid
movement from one frame to the next, the data budget is distributed
more evenly using bidirectional frames.
Error Masking. This LSI Logic MPEG encoding algorithm
controls data distribution by searching for and hiding an undesirable
compression artifact called ringing, a fuzz-like pattern that surrounds
low-activity images produced by over-quantized AC coefficients. LSI
Logic's masking algorithm determines where ringing would be visible
in an image and budgets data bandwidth to eliminate these artifacts.
Picture User Data Insertion. This feature enables user data
information such as frame number, presentation time stamp (PTS) or
decoding time stamp (DTS), to be inserted into the picture user data
field of the picture header. The encoder can either read data into a
"reordering" buffer, where it is held until the frame is encoded, or
it can directly "pass through" data to the output bitstream without
reordering. The reordering mode allows dependency between user
data and the associated frame, while the pass-through mode does not.
Variable Bit Rate (VBR) Encoding. VBR encoding enables the
DVxpert 5110 to encode difficult sequences with higher data rates
and simpler sequences with lower data rates in real-time, constantly
F E A T U R E S ( C O N T ' D ) :
MPEG-1 encoding
Vertical/temporal filtering
Picture user data insertion
Frame dropping mode
Encoded bit rate range: 56 Kbps
to 5 Mbps
GOP structures (real-time variable):
I-only, IP, IB, IBBP
Video input resolutions
(real-time variable)
Horizontal: 352, 320,
176, 160
Vertical: 340, 240 (NTSC);
288, 144 (PAL)
DVxpert
TM
5110 Broadcast Encoder
The
Communications
Company
TM
LSI Logic logo design, The Communications Company,
DVx, DVxpert, and PerfectView are trademarks or regis-
tered trademarksof LSI Logic Corporation. All other brand
and product names may be trademarks of their respective
companies.
LSI Logic Corporation reserves the right to make changes
to any products and services herein at any time without
notice. LSI Logic does not assume any responsibility or lia-
bility arising out of the application or use of any product or
service described herein, except as expressly agreed to in
writing by LSI Logic; nor does the purchase, lease, or use of
a product or service from LSI Logic convey a license under
any patent rights, copyrights, trademark rights, or any other
of the intellectual property rights of LSI Logic or of third parties.
Copyright 2001 by LSI Logic Corporation.
All rights reserved.
Order No. I20074
1101.1K.JG.IK - Printed in USA
For more information please call:
LSI Logic Corporation
North American Headquarters, Milpitas, CA
Tel: 800 574 4286
North America
Milpitas, CA
USA
Phone: 1-408-490-8000
Fax: 1-408-490-8590
Quebec, Canada
Phone: 1-514-426-5011
Fax: 1-514-426-7119
Europe
Crawley, West Sussex
United Kingdom
Phone: 44-1293-651100
Fax: 44-1293-651119
China
Beijing, China
Phone: 86-10-626-38296
Fax: 86-10-626-38322
Chengdu, China
Phone: 86-28-6713-150
Fax: 86-28-6713-694
Japan
Kohoku-Ku, Yokohama
Kanagawa Japan
Phone: 81-45-474-7571
Fax: 81-45-474-7570
Korea
Seoul, Korea
Phone: 822-561-9011
Fax: 822-561-9021
Taiwan
Taipei, Taiwan
Phone: 886-22-517-4938
Fax: 886-22-517-4937
varying the bit rate representing the video to achieve optimal output image
quality. The DVxpert 5110 performs either storage or statistical VBR
encoding. Storage VBR encoding outputs data at a changing bit rate. The
average bit rate is lower than that in a constant bit rate design, resulting
in as much as 35% storage space savings for encoding movie material.
Statistical (or DVD) VBR encoding predicts the output video quality during
encoding and modifies the output bit rate accordingly. The generated
bitstream obeys the MPEG-2 VBR-VBV restrictions with the specified peak
rate and VBV size. This feature is important for DVD authoring because it
allows you to fit a two-hour movie onto a single-sided 4.7-Gbyte disc.
Statistical Multiplexing. To multiplex channels for the most efficient
use broadcast bandwidth, this feature keeps the quality constant while
allowing the bit rate for each channel to fluctuate that is, the rate at
which each encoder's buffer is drained will fluctuate. The more channels
that are multiplexed together, the more likely it becomes that some channels
display easy-to-encode material using fewer bits, while other channels
display hard-to-encode material requiring more bits.
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